How is compressed air used in the food and packaging industry?

COMPRESSED AIR USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

The food industry is huge worldwide.  In the USA alone, there are approximately 1,300 facilities employing about 112,000 people mainly for canning, freezing, and dehydrating fruits and vegetables. This segment represents approximately 7.5% of the dollar value of shipments of the entire U.S. food industry¹. In many fruit and vegetable processing plants, compressed air systems are used for air cleaning of containers prior to product filling, automated product sorting, and product packaging systems². (1,2 Eric Masanet and Ernst Worrell, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, “The Energy Star for Industry Program”, Compressed Air Best Practices Magazine®, October 2006, page 14-15)

There are tens of thousands of facilities in other segments of the food industry using compressed air. Some, like bakeries, use this technology for blow-off applications. Other segments use them to clean containers before filling. Additionally, compressed air is also used to sort, cut, shape and convey food products.  

Another applications are in form, fill and seal operations for cartons. Because these machines must be cleaned thoroughly and regularly to maintain sanitary standards, through washed-down pneumatic systems are preferred since hydraulic systems can have oil leak issues.  Pneumatic also has much less downtime and maintenance needs than hydraulic systems.

Compressed air is very important in the food industry, both for food processing and in the packaging operations.  The air must be contaminant free to ensure food quality and protection. There are standards in all developed countries to have a maximum micron content in filtration and also for dew point control. Dew points of the air at line pressure must be under minus 15 degrees oF (-26 degrees oC) to inhibit growth of microorganisms and fungi.

Some filtration companies, therefore, specializes in filters that meet particular standards of filtration necessary for various processes within food production facilities.

It is not only particulate but also oil which can be a concern.  Where necessary, oil- free compressors are used to supply the compressed air.  

CONTACT – NON CONTACT APPLICATIONS

Compressed air must be purified of contaminants before use in the food industry. The contaminants are water vapor and moisture, solid particulates (including spores) and oil aerosols and vapors.   

Moisture can often be trapped in the piping system near the point-of-use in applications where compressed air comes into contact with food products. Microorganisms and fungus can grow inside the piping system and then be blown into food products or containers. Drying the air to a specified pressure dewpoint is the simple way to eliminate moisture in the system.  The dew point specification can vary from +37 oF (+3 oC) or -40 oF (-40 oC). In some facilities, both of these specifications may be used depending upon whether compressed air has any possibility of coming into contact with food products.

Contact application is when the compressed air is used as part of the production and processing including packaging and transportation of food production or if compressed air comes into direct contact with actual food products. If this is the case, the compressed air needs to be purified to a higher standard than for non-contact applications usually to the -40 oF (-40 oC) dew point, with oil free air and very fine filtration to keep out particulate.

One way to accomplish this is with desiccant (adsorption) type compressed air dryers located in the compressor room (centralized air treatment). Each facility can determine if further point-of-use air dryers (de-centralized treatment) are needed. Point-of-use air dryers may be of either desiccant (adsorption) or membrane-type technology.

Another way to purify the compressed air is by using coalescing filters will remove solid particulates and total oil (aerosol + vapor). Activated carbon filters are usually required as well to remove oil vapors. As with the air dryers, de-centralized filtration may be needed in addition to the centralized filtration system.

Food plants are ideal applications for the use of engineered nozzles and air knives. These are used to blow off on a product and in packaging applications.  These accessories conserve compressed air consumption by utilizing the Coanda effect to entrain surrounding atmospheric air along with the compressed air and create a high velocity, high flow, and a high energy stream of air.


Some applications includes:
– Blow off water after washing a product prior to packaging
– Blow off excess sugar from muffins prior to oven to avoid burnt product
– Cool a product prior to packaging to increase line speed and shorten conveyor length

This air “amplifying” technology not only reduces compressed air energy consumption it also reduces noise levels and have a dead end pressure under 30 PSIG to meet OSHA safety standards on open compressed air exhaust contact.

Non-Contact applications can be categorized into high risk or low risk.  This is when the compressed air is exhausted into the local atmosphere of the food preparation, production, processing, packaging or storage.   


Example of a high risk application is where compressed air is used in a blow-molding process to create a package –then product is put into the package at a later time. Many food processors have their own in-house production lines to create their own packaging.  If there is a delay in the use of the packaging, oil, moisture, and particulates (notably bacteria) could be present if the compressed air is not pure enough. Hence the higher standard for cleanliness. 

In low risk applications higher dew point may be acceptable using a centralized refrigerated type compressed air dryer. Additional point-of-use air dryers (de-centralized) may still be required.  Significant portions (often over 50%) of compressed air in a facility will have absolutely no contact with food products or food-packaging machinery. In this case less costly methods for air treatment are acceptable.  Refrigerated type compressed air dryers normally have significantly lower energy costs than desiccant air dryers. Coalescing filters are required to remove solid particulates and total oil (aerosol + vapor) to the same specification levels as in contact applications and activated carbon filters will be required as well to remove oil vapors. As with the air dryers, each facility can determine if de-centralized filtration is required in addition to centralized filtration.

 

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Air Volume Amplifiers: How it works, Common Applications and Troubleshooting

Air Volume Amplifiers: How it works, Common Applications and Troubleshooting

How do Air amplifiers work?

There are two types of Air Amplifiers – Air Pressure Amplifiers and Air Volume Amplifiers.   This article will describe volume amplifiers. Air Amplifiers harnesses the energy from a small parcel of compressed air to produce high velocity and volume, low pressure air flow as the output.  They are ideal for increasing existing plant air volume for blowing or cooling and for venting. The amplifiers use a small amount of compressed air to draw in a flow of up to 17 times the air consumed to remove fumes quickly and efficiently for venting applications. The fumes can be ducted away, up to 50 feet (15.24 m), and the amount of suction and flow is easily controlled.  

Using an aerodynamic effect calledthe Coandă effectto entrain surrounding air and a small amount of compressed air results in anywhere between 6 to 17 times the airflow (depending on the size). An example of this effect is seen on the Coandă angles on airplane’s wing that can cause the airplane to lift. In an airflow amplifier, the force is directed outward to cool or dry a surface. The pressure typically lost as noise and pressure drop is converted into useful amplified and high velocity laminar flow.  

Compressed air stream flows through an air inlet, clinging to the “Coandă” profile inside. The compressed air is throttled through a small ring nozzle at high velocity. The air is then directed towards the outlet. As a result, a low-pressure area is created at the center, inducing a high volume of surrounding air flow to the airstream.  Airflow is further amplified downstream by entraining additional air from the surroundings at the exit. A low-pressure area is created at the center of the unit, inducing a high-volume flow of surrounding air in to the primary airstream. The combined flow of primary and surrounding air exhausts from the Air Amplifier in a high volume, high velocity flow.

Air Amplifiers work differently from Venturi systems.  When the compressed air is forced through a conical nozzle, its velocity increases.  This principle was discovered by a 18th century physicist, G. B. Venturi and can be applied to generate vacuum economically without any moving parts. Where higher vacuum is required, these systems are preferable to air amplifiers and more similar to Nex Flow’s Ring Vac systems.

The jets of air in the amplifiers create a high velocity flow across the entire cross-sectional area, which pulls in large amounts surrounding air, resulting in the amplified outlet flow.  Because the outlet flow remains balanced and minimizes wind shear, sound levels are typically three times lower than other types of air movers.

Note: “Air Amplification Ratio is the ratio of the air flow in standard cubic feet/minute (SCFM) or standard liters per minute (SLPM) right at the exit point of the air amplifier divided by the compressed air consumed in SCFM or SLPM. The amplification ratio will vary with inlet pressure and temperature as well as the temperature and density of the inlet air, so the figure provided is a weighted average. The ratio will be reduced if any back pressure is put on the amplifier exit or suction end by attaching any hose, pipe or tubing”

There is a balanced between amplified air flow and air velocity. Any air amplification ratio higher than 17 will slow the velocity. Without adequate velocity, the blow off force is rendered ineffective, and the cooling effect will be lost.

NOTE: It is recommended to regulate the compressed air supply so the very least amount of air necessary is used.  Install a solenoid valve on the compressed air supply to the air mover to turn the air off when the air amplifier is not in service.

The force produced for blow off by an air amplifier decreases as the diameter increases. But for cooling, air movers are excellent and far more effective than air nozzles because the air is entrained from the back.  Both the vacuum and discharge end of the Air amplifier can be ducted, making them ideal for drawing fresh air from another location or moving smoke and fumes away.

Types of Air Volume Amplifiers

There are two types of air flow amplifiers that both use the Coandă effect to create powerful, high velocity laminar flow of air: Standard (fixed) and Adjustable air amplifiers.

Standard (fixed): The quiet standard (fixed) units, amplifies up to 16 times the air they consume and are most popular. When an attachment is not added, additional three times air amplification occurs (48 times the original air flow).

Adding stainless steel stackable shims (0.002” or 0.003”) to increase the force required for the outlet flow.  Flow and force can be increased by enlarging the gap and stacking the shims.

For blow off/drying applications, standard air amplifiers can send air into corners to scoop out water in recessed corners.

Adjustable air amplifiers are made from lightweight machined anodized aluminum or stainless steel for high temperature and food applications. They control the force and flow by setting up an air gap using a lock ring. An adjustable unit amplifies air up to 17 times their input consumption rate. They are lightweight, have a compact design, and are low cost. Set the gap between 0.001 and 0.004” and use the O-ring to lock the setting.  

Adjustable amplifiers are annular shape, which makes them ideal for blow off applications to scoop out liquid from corners on cans. Either end of the amplifier can be attached to a hose or pipe to collect or transfer light materials, fumes, and dust. Nex Flow adjustable air amplifier are “infinitely adjustable” because it regulates the air consumption and outlet flow from a light breeze to a powerful blast. The adjustable amplifier is a highly effective air mover and can be tailored to meet the exact air flow and force of any application.

Nex Flow offers units for comparative testing, so the customer can confirm “real” results.

What are the advantages of Air Amplifiers?

In summary, this product improves the efficiency of a wide variety of manufacturing and industrial operations. Compressed air amplifiers:

  • Increase production rates by removing smoke, dust and debris
  • Improve quality through better weigh sorting of under-filled or underweight capsules and parts
  • Are inexpensive and cost effective: Less expensive than hoods, variable speed fans, or other exhaust equipment and are more economical than electric motor-powered tools.
  • Compared to fans, air amplifiers are:
      • Compact, lightweight, portable so it can easily mount on robotic systems due to weight
      • No electricity
      • No moving parts – More reliable because there is no maintenance
      • Ends are easily ducted
      • Smoother air flow
      • Instant on/off
      • Variable force and flow
      • No RF interference
  • Easily moved from location to location for targeted fume or smoke removal because of mounting holes for easy installation and set up.
  • Compared to Venturis and ejectors, air amplifiers are:
      • More air with lower compressed air consumption
      • Higher flow amplification
      • No internal obstructions
      • Meets OSHA pressure and noise requirements
      • Quiet
  • Have a high ratio of power to weight or power to volume
  • Rugged for harsh manufacturing environments and longer life
  • Controllable and adjustable flow, vacuum, and velocity output:
    • Flexible and easy to configure: Outlet flows are easily increased by opening the air gap.  
    • Supply air pressure can be regulated to decrease outlet flow.
  • Saves energy because they use a small amount of compressed air as the power source
  • They are more effective for cooling than air nozzles

Applications of Air Amplifiers

There are too many applications to list but some main air amplification applications include blow off, cooling, and ventilation:

  • Blow off:
    • Purging tanks
    • Used in ventilation of fumes, smoke, lightweight materials from automobiles, welding, truck repair, plating or holding tank or other confined spaces.
    • Circulate and blow off air
  • Cool hot parts: Cooling dies and molds
  • Dry wet parts
  • Clean machined parts:
    • Vacuum device to clean machined parts and confined places: dust collection, remove metal chips and scrap, collect and move dust (grain operations)
    • Clean a conveyor belt or web
  • Convey:
    • Used to convey small parts, pellets, powders, and dust.
    • Exhaust tank fumes
    • Moves air 12 to 20-fold in duct applications and up to 60 times in areas with no ducts.
    • Component removal, valve gates, and automated equipment for ejection molding systems
    • Distribute heat in molds/ovens
    • Sort objects by weight
  • Used as tools in production lines, woodworking, aerospace, construction, dentistry, healthcare and hospitals
  • Used in assembly, chemical processing, robotic cells, and chemical processing
  • Increasing existing plant air pressures
  • Used in medical, food, and pharmaceutical installations
  • Used in Pneumatic cylinders: Enhances efficiency of pneumatic tools and machinery
  • Bottle molding applications
  • To enhance the “WOW!” factor of amusement rides in certain thrill rides; such as roller coasters
  • Coat a surface with atomized mist of liquid
  • Activating adhesives and heating-shrinking: High air amplification puts much more airflow through the heater coils than would be possible with an ordinary fan or blower. The hot airstream can be felt over 10′ (3m) away!

 

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Application based on Type, Size, and Material

Type Outlet Diameter Application
Standard (Fixed)1 ¾” (19 mm) High temperature /corrosive (up to temperature of 700 F (371 C)
1-1/4”
(32 mm)
Cooling  

Moving hot air for uniform heating in ovens or furnaces

Exhaust

Circulate air, move smoke, fumes, and light material

Clean and dry parts

2” (51 mm)
4” (102 mm) Circulate air, move smoke, fumes, and light material

Clean and dry parts

Venting or cooling

8” (203 mm) Circulate air, move smoke, fumes, and light material

Venting or cooling

Adjustable2 ¾” (19 mm) High temperature /corrosive (up to temperature of 700 F (371 C)
1 1/4” (32 mm) Cooling  

Moving hot air for uniform heating in ovens or furnaces

Exhaust

Circulate air, move smoke, fumes, and light material

Clean and dry parts

2” (51 mm)
4” (102 mm) Circulate air, move smoke, fumes, and light material

Clean and dry parts

Venting or cooling

  1. Available 0.002 and 0.003” shims can be added
  2. Gap setting from 0.001” to 0.004” to control the output flow and force required.
Material Application
Plastic Cooling  

Moving hot air for uniform heating in ovens or furnaces

Exhaust

Circulate air, move smoke, fumes, and light material

Clean and dry parts

Aluminum High temperature/corrosive
Stainless steel High temperature/corrosive (up to temperature of 700 F (371 C)

Medical, food, and pharma installations

Blow off, cooling, or venting

Special plastic versions are used to cool materials in an electrical power grid where metals can not be used. Alternative materials can be machined to be used as an air amplifier unit in corrosive environments where stainless steel is not sufficient.

Nex Flow can design specific sizes for applications to best suit your requirements.

Nex Flow manufactures special Air Amplifiers to your specification including special flanged mounting style or with a PTFE plug to avoid sticky material build up.

Accessories

The following are accessories available with Nex Flow air amplifiers:

  • Hose or pipe to collect or transfer materials, fumes, and dust

NOTE: Pipes reduce the air amplification by 10:1 due to back pressure but still provides more efficient air amplification because venture systems move air or vent gas.

  • Filters
  • Mounting systems including brackets
  • Regulators
  • PLCFC
  • Stainless steel shims for maximum product lifespan
  • Pneumonic water separator
  • Manual valves
  • Replacement parts
  • Flanges

Troubleshooting

The troubleshooting table below describes common air amplifier failure, the reason for the failure, and possible solutions including a regular maintenance schedule.

Fault Cause Solution
– Force appears to be below normal expected levels – Airlines are undersized

– Restrictive fittings are used

– Filters may be clogged, or membranes need to be changed.

– Check airlines, fittings, and filter.
– No airflow from unit – Air amplifier is clogged due to contamination: moisture, oil, and/or dirt

– The filters are not sized to handle the total flow from the air amplifier.

– Dismantle the amplifier, clean, and reassemble. Take care when reinstalling shim (or shims).
– Use proper size filter to handle the flow.
– For water removal, a minimum of 10-micron filter with an automatic drain is recommended
– For oil removal, add an oil removal filter downstream from the water filter with a minimum of 0.3-micron filtration.
– All filters used must be installed within 10 to 15 feet of the air amplifier
– Less force than before – Force begins to decrease 12” away from an air amplifier – but it may still be acceptable for applications up to 24” from the outlet of the unit. – For best performances, keep the target within 12” of the air amplifier.

– Move the air amplifier towards or away from the target to obtain the optimum distance for the application.

– Pressure loss occurs to an air amplifier or a series of air amplifiers – Restrictive fittings which starve the air amplifier of air supply creating a large pressure loss in the air line. – Keep the airline sizes adequately large to minimize pressure loss.  See this short guide on installation and maintenance
– Mass flow, velocity, and force are not sufficient. – The number of shims may not be correct for the application. The gap in the air amplifier is normally 0.002”, which is maintained by the shim. – Add another 0.002” or 0.003” shim by dismantling the amplifier, install the shim, and reassemble.
– Air Force is too high – Too many shims installed – Mass flow, velocity, and force increase air consumption. In fact, the air consumption doubled with each shim doubling the air gap. Remove shims or cut back the air pressure.
– A regulator may be added to control and reduce air pressure.
– Compress air consumption is too high – The air compressor is on when it is not required – during intermittent applications – Use a regulator to minimize compress air consumption.
– A sensor or timer can be used to turn air supply on and off as required using a solenoid valve. Energy is consumed only when the unit is on.

 

Factors to Consider when Selecting an Air Nozzle

What is an Air Nozzle?

An air nozzle controls the direction or characteristics of air flow by converting pressure into the flow. Air Nozzles are the smallest air amplifiers for point application. Frequently Nozzles control the flow rate, speed, direction, mass, shape, and pressure of the stream that emerges. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy. Air nozzles are one of the most common products used in a factory environment. They are primarily used for blowing off debris and liquid and for cooling or drying parts. It is using them for cleaning, part ejection, and conveying.

The original compressed air-operated engineered nozzle is a cone that provided the most flow amplification. They are helpful for compressed air applications because they entrain surrounding atmospheric air with the compressed air.

It is often a pipe or tube of varying cross-sectional area and can direct or modify a fluid’s flow (liquid or gas). Inefficient air nozzles consist of an air exit hole for the compressed air at the end of a pipe attachment. The pipe usually has a small hole on the side to release compressed air, reduce dead-end pressure, and create a helpful blow-off force.  

NOTE: Always use filtered compressed air to ensure the air supply remains clean and dry.

Properly engineered air nozzles work by using the Coandă effect – entraining surrounding air and the compressed air in a ring of holes around the bottom or sides of the nozzle. The exiting air is a concentrated, high-velocity, laminar flow stream of amplified air. Standard cone-shaped air nozzles, with air exit holes around the bottom of the nozzle, provide the best flow per unit of air consumption and are best suited for light blow-off and cooling applications, thus providing a low-cost solution for the task. Modern engineered nozzles have holes on the bottom or sides with hole spacing, sizing, and internal design crafted to optimize for the highest force per unit of air consumed.

 

NOTE: Always use filtered compressed air to ensure the air supply remains clean and dry.

 

Types of Nozzles

In most factories/manufacturing environments, many types of nozzles satisfy the requirements for specific applications. The challenge is to find the nozzle that provides the best performance at the optimal operating cost.

There are several types of engineered nozzles available:

    • Cone Shaped Air Nozzles are excellent flow amplifiers. They are used for cooling because they have high flow/CFM compared to other engineered nozzles. They dramatically reduce noise pollution in a factory and are suitable for energy conservation. Cone-shaped air nozzles reduce compressed air costs by conserving air. They are compact and have a 10-dBA average noise reduction to improve safety in the work environment. They meet OSHA noise level requirements. Overall, these air nozzles will enhance the production of your factory environment. These Air Nozzles replace an open pipe from 2 mm to 0.5 inches and save 30% in compressed air. Note that not all cone-shaped nozzles are equal, as the internal design impacts performance.
    • Air Mag Air Nozzles is a bullet-shaped finned nozzle with a unique patent design to focus compressed air from the supply line and entrained air from the surroundings to a sharper laminar flow of air with the highest force per SCFM than other bullet-shaped finned nozzles on the market. They have the lowest air consumption for the force produced, lower noise levels, no whistling sound, are rugged, and are made of a single piece for extra strength.

      The exit nozzle is oriented to increase force/CFM over other competitive nozzles by 10%. The Air Mag Nozzle comes in the following sizes for various applications:
      • 1/4″ is the average size for air guns. This size is used for most applications and is usually attached to a ¼” pipe or hose.
      • ½” is for heavier blow-off applications. It connects to a ½” pipe or hose and is a standard nozzle used with large air guns.
      • 4, 5, and 6 mm are available for small applications and are usually attached to small copper tubes and smaller – often low-cost – air guns. There is a 1/8″ adaptor for the 6 mm nozzle to adapt it to a 1/8″ pipe.
  • More types include

    • A flat Jet Nozzle is a compressed air-operated chamber (flat nozzle, flat jet), which is a smaller length than an air knife. It also has a higher air force and flow design. They are mounting the flat jet nozzle on manifolds of different sizes (holding 2, 4, or 6 units typically or more). Also, use it when a much stronger forced air is required than an air knife can provide. They are very efficient and specially designed to provide a powerful stream of high-velocity laminar flow, a high force for blow-off applications, and cooling where air knives do not provide enough force. The air consumption and noise levels are minimized with the unique design, which converts pressure usually lost as noise and pressure drop into proper flow and energy. Shims can be added to modify the force. This nozzle is used for part cleaning, chip removal, part drying, part ejection, and air assist. Nex Flow takes care in designing our flat jet nozzle and ensures it meets the OSHA noise level requirements.
    • Ring Ionizer-Ionizing Nozzles discharge and clean surfaces of non-conductive materials by incorporating an anti-static pin. For manual use, mounting to a handgun is possible.
    • Laval Effect Nozzle uses an hourglass exit for the existing compressed air to accelerate the exiting compressed air. While they are supposed to reduce overall noise, they tend to have a higher-pitched noise. The force tends to dissipate if the nozzle is not close to the target blow-off. For this type of nozzle, the noise and effectiveness are questionable compared to a nozzle using the Coandă effect.
    • Spray nozzles that use compressed air produce a fine spray of liquids mixed with the compressed air. They include atomizer nozzles and air-aspirating nozzles.

Materials Used to make Nozzles.

Choosing the material that the nozzle is constructed of will determine the unit’s wear. Nozzles, over time, could begin to clean a surface unevenly or over-spraying, which wastes chemicals, water, energy, and operating costs.

  • Anodized aluminum is ideal for blow guns and part ejection of heavier viscosity liquids.
  • 303/304/316L Stainless Steel is often used for liquid and lightweight part blow-off applications for food, pharmaceutical, and corrosive environmental applications. 316L stainless steel is more expensive but worth the cost when the manufacturing environment has high chloride and salt exposure.
  • Cast zinc is rugged and provides extra strength for use in harsh environments.
  • Plastic nozzles are of lower cost and are often used but can easily break and, in some applications, may be dangerous with the risk of breaking.
  • Copper or brass are optimum for blow-off nozzle materials since they have low friction coefficients.  

Advantages of Using an Air Nozzle

Using air nozzles, replacing non-engineered air nozzles, or replacing old nozzles with more efficient products can save high operating costs by using compressed air more effectively. There is also an average 10 dBA reduction in noise, and it meets OSHA standards, which improves the working environment. Nozzles provide precise, repeatable drying and blowing-off capabilities for all applications.

Accessories

Air nozzle is available with the following accessories:

  • Copper tubes can be attached to some nozzles to aim the direction of the flow. The copper tube is pressed to fit into the customer’s existing system.
  • A rigid-flex hose can be bent into shape to aim the nozzle at the target. It is an all stainless-steel hose that does not break after a few bends like competitive rubber hoses with simple copper inserts. The stainless-steel construction allows for use in any challenging environment. Rigid-flex hose nozzle is resistant to creep and crimping.
  • Manifolds to attach more than one nozzle or flat jet nozzle
  • Swivels
  • Regulators
  • Pneumatic Super Separator
  • Magnetic base
  • PLC Flow Control System (PLCFC)
  • Static meters (used with Ionizing nozzles)

Factors to Consider when Selecting a Nozzle

When considering an engineered nozzle, there are several factors to consider. It is recommended, when reviewing specification, to research the distance the force/CFM were taken and the line pressure. Determine if the force and pressure are suitable for your application: test and use brands known for improved performance and quality like ours. Stay wary of copies and ask if you need continuous or intermittent air supply.

Don’t forget to consider sensors and timers when applicable for energy savings. Besides the nozzles themselves – it is also essential to consider the compressed air piping system to ensure efficiency.

Lubricants corrode some materials from the compression process, which leads to leaks and particulates in the air stream. Copper, brass, steel, and aluminum are optimum choices for nozzle materials as they have low friction coefficients.

 

FEATURED PRODUCTS

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How do you determine the best nozzle for the following applications?

Cleaning

For cleaning applications, choose a nozzle with the highest force/unit airflow (Force/SCFM ratio), such as the Air Mag nozzle. It is also essential to consider air consumption. A regulator can be used to cut back the pressure to set the required force. Any additional force above the requirement will use more energy and cost more. Air pressure loss will result from compressed air through a pipe attached to a nozzle.

The higher the airflow through the pipe, the larger the pressure drop and pressure at the entrance of the nozzle. Any extra pressure (for example, 1 SCFM) entering the piping that is the same size as the nozzle – will cause the pressure to drop at the entrance of the nozzle. Therefore, for cost savings, the correct pressure/force must be determined at the entrance of pipping attached to the nozzle so that there is no pressure drop when the compressed air enters the nozzle.

The reduced air pressure/force will also have less noise pollution and provide a safer manufacturing environment for your employees. Air Edgers (Flat Jet nozzles) are also popular for cleaning flat or curved surfaces and have the advantage of having the force varied by adding/removing shims, which control the air exit volume and force.

Other factors that can negatively impact spray nozzle performance are plugging, erosion, corrosion, scale build-up, caking, accidental damage, and improper assembly. These are common in washing and rinsing operations, especially when using caustic solutions. Establishing and implementing a nozzle maintenance program is the most effective way to prevent and minimize costly spray nozzle problems.

Static Control – Ion air nozzles/Ring ionizer nozzles are highly effective at discharging and cleaning non-conductive materials. These nozzles can be mounted on handguns for confined workspaces. These are flexible, light, and easy to use for discharge processes.

Drying

When nozzles are used for drying, the traditional cone-shaped nozzle is recommended. For larger applications requiring several nozzles, more energy will be saved when using the Air Mag nozzles. Anodized aluminum or 303/304 Stainless Steel standard strength nozzles with 1/8″, ¼”, male NPT connection is ideal for blow-off liquids applications. Model 47001 is designed to fit into small spots and is used by many machine builders for blow-off applications. Model 47003 (anodized aluminum), Model 47003S (303/304 Stainless Steel), and Model 47003S-316L (316L Stainless Steel) –with a 1/8″ male NPT connection is ideal for most blow-off applications involving liquids.

Drying large flat or curved surfaces

Air Knives are like rows of linear air nozzles that can be made to very long lengths. Air knives provide uniform airflow across the entire length of the air knife. It provides high velocity and a constant air stream for fast drying and blow-off in a factory setting. Air knives are maintenance-free because there are no moving parts. They are safe because they have low noise pollution. Air knife kits are available, which include an air knife, extra shims, filter, pressure regulator, and gauge.

Cooling

Using standard cone-shaped air nozzles that are efficient at converting pressure to flow is a good choice when selecting nozzles for cooling. These nozzles are better for cooling as they have less force/CFM but more flow/CFM than the more engineered nozzles. Round air amplifiers are essentially very large low-pressure but high-volume nozzles ideal for cooling molded parts and castings. They move large volumes of air using a small amount of compressed air, making it economical to operate.

Ejection of Heavier Liquids

Model 47004 (anodized aluminum), Model 47004S (303/304 Stainless Steel), and Model 47004S-316L (316L Stainless Steel) are a strong force and high flow amplification nozzles with a 1/4″ male NPT connection is ideal for most blow-off applications involving liquids and even lightweight parts and often used for heavier liquid. The 47010 is a higher-force nozzle but has less distance for laminar flow than the 47004. It has an anodized aluminum ¼” female NPT fitting nozzle with a Coandă profile resulting in extremely strong force at a distance. This nozzle is good for blow guns. It has a higher force for less distance for laminar flow.

About Nex Flow

Nex Flow manufactures specialized compressed air solutions that are easy to install and reliable. All products reduce noise in factories to enhance the safety of your environment. Nex Flow manufactures high-quality, economical, specialized compressed air solutions for blow, off, cooling, drying, and moving with representatives worldwide. Choosing Nex Flow means obtaining the best-customized solution, including full technical support. Our customer technical support provides blowing angle and direction tips during installation. All compressed air blow-off, moving, and cooling unit products have a five-year warranty against manufacturer’s defects.

What are the Advantages of Air Operated Conveyor Systems?

What are the Advantages of an Air Operated Conveyor System?

Air operated conveyors are clean, quick, and efficient machines that are designed to transport or vent a wide variety of lightweight products, raw materials, or fumes from one place to another. They are a family of devices that use air to move products instead of mechanical belts or chains. Internal air conveyor is the term used when the items being moved are in the same pipe or chamber as the air that is moving them. Air transporter systems are popular in material handling and packaging industries. It works by having air flow through louvers to an inner chamber in which items, such as metal scrap, is moved. Internal air conveyors are limited to lengths of about 100 ft. (30 meters) or less due to pressure losses within a pipe.  

Any friction between the product and the system is kept to a minimum. Some system even use ultra-low friction guide materials, such as oil-impregnated Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight (UHMW) or highly polished chrome.  At very high speeds, a week’s worth of dust on a line can create enough friction to reduce line efficiency. Therefore, it is important to keep surfaces clean in these type of systems.

An air conveyor system is used to convey all types of solids, plastic materials, metal pieces, waste, trim removal in a manufacturing environment. It can also be used to vent gas in some cases. The length of the distances transported vertically and horizontally depend heavily on the types of material you are conveying.

 

Different conveying systems are used according to various needs of different industries

  • Bulk conveyors move powders, scrap, coal, bottle caps, and grain. Generally these are not used for delicate objects that could be damaged if not moved in a specific orientation such as bottles, although some heavier bottles are conveyed this way.  An air conveyor system can usually convey the same material as bulk conveyors but with significant less capacity. Low capacity applications where bulk system may apply can be ideal for air operated systems.
  • Deck conveyors are used to move cans, caps, and cartons or cases. Deck conveyors work like air hockey tables, except that in addition to the lifting holes, there are directional louvers that direct products. It is not uncommon for deck conveyors to be inclined more than 10 degrees. Specialized systems called “tunnel tracks” are used for cans with decks on top and bottom, which sometime serve as vertical elevators.

    This type of carrier requires a guide to keep products from falling over. The guide keeps products from lifting off the conveyor and prevents products from tipping over when starting and stopping. Products without flat tops and bottoms may not work well with this specific system because they are not easily guided. However, there are some products/packages designed so they can be moved without a top cover. Other guide arrangements are also possible. For example, some air deck conveyed products such as plastic ketchup bottles may be guided on the shoulders rather than the top.
  • Neck ring conveyors are used to move bottles. Due to the friction of the bottle-neck ring against the neck-ring guide, more air pressure is needed when bottles accumulate back to back to get them moving again.
  • Airveyors are devices used for handling dusty materials, which is built on the principle of a pneumatic cleaner. The system used is a suction system, whereby the material (soda ash, salt cake, cement, or powdered lime) is drawn from the car through a flexible hose into a vacuum tank designed to recover a large percentage of the dust floating in the air. An air conveyor can sometimes be used and incorporated into these systems depending on the capacity that needs to be addressed.
  • Apron Conveyor is made from linked apron plates with hinges on its underside, thus creating a looped carrying surface where huge and heavy materials are placed.  A mechanism, usually composed of several metal rollers, is placed inside the apron conveyor belt. The apron conveyor is used to deliver many materials across several phases of production. Many industries consider apron conveyors to be a lifeline in their industry, including manufacturing, agricultural, and chemical industries.
  • Screw conveyor or auger conveyor is a mechanism within a tube that uses a rotating helical screw blade. It is used to move liquid or granular materials including food waste, wood chips, aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others.  The rate of volume transfer is proportional to the rotation rate of the shaft. Although air conveyors are not able to handle the large capacity that screw systems must deal with – rare application can arise.
  • Chain Conveyors are used for moving products down an assembly line and/or around a manufacturing or warehousing facility. Chain conveyors are primarily used to transport heavy unit loads, e.g. pallets, grid boxes, and industrial containers. These can be single or double chain strand in configuration.This type of carrier system utilizes a powered continuous chain arrangement, carrying a series of single pendants. The chain arrangement is driven by a motor, and the material suspended on the pendants are conveyed.
  • Bucket elevator (also called a grain leg) is a mechanism for hauling flowable bulk materials (most often grain or fertilizer) vertically.
  • Vacuum Pump – while not specifically a type of conveying system, electrically operated vacuum pumps are utilized often for venting purposes to move gaseous products of all types, including corrosive gas products.   The gases are conveyed by the vacuum action and sometimes vented to the atmosphere. Air conveyors are better suited when handling corrosive or high temperature gas because they do not use electricity, can be supplied in appropriate materials, are lightweight and compact for easy installation, and virtually maintenance free.

 

Examples of air conveyors

  • Ring Vac: Simply clamp a standard hose size to each end of the Ring-Vac to create high energy conveying system. There are no moving parts for maintenance free operation with capacity and flow controlled using a pressure regulator. Any size longer than  3” (76mm) can be prohibitive for most applications due to high compressed air requirements but 4” and 5” units are available.  The anodized aluminum and high temperature stainless steel Ring-Vac Air Conveyor can move all types of solids in large volumes over great distances with no moving parts.
  • XSPC Conveyors: Like the Ring Vac, XSPC conveyors are compact, easy to use, portable, and ideal especially for intermittent use in material transfer.  The difference is that the inside of an XSPC conveyor is straight and smooth so materials, such as textiles, cannot clog.

Air conveyors are most widely used to move lightweight objects such as empty containers, boxes, and trays at speeds often exceeding 1,000 fpm. However, they are not limited to lightweight materials. There are many different types of air operated conveyor systems that are designed to convey different types of products or perform specific tasks.

What are the advantages of using an Air Operated Conveying Systems?

Air operated conveyors easily move items at faster speeds than conventional conveyors.  They are also ideal for moving scrap where conventional conveyors would become quickly clogged or contaminated with debris. The inside diameter can be twice the diameter of the part/material being moved to help prevent clogging.

Air conveyors typically have minimal moving parts and no pockets to collect debris and water, which makes them safe and easy to clean and maintain. The original patent was for coal since it was used to safely vent air in remotely for various explosion-proof settings. Coal comes in a variety of sizes and easily breaks down into smaller, highly flammable particles. Air conveyors are designed to keep coal dust contained and not attract and accumulate dust. This means that they require much less frequent cleanings than belt conveyors moving coal would need. Maintenance is also greatly reduced on air conveyors versus conveyor belts, because the only bearings are on the blowers, which are typically located well outside the area where they would encounter dust and other small particles.  

Air conveyors are also useful when transporting sharp or abrasive materials. Metal scrap and recycling centers are perfect applications for air conveyors because long ribbons of razor sharp metal can easily snag other types of conveying equipment.

Applications of Air Conveying Systems

  • Venting Gas
  • Combining Air Operated Conveyors with Air Amplifiers
  • Hopper loading
  • Trim removal
  • Filling operations
  • Material transfer
  • Food ingredients
  • Coal
  • Grain
  • Scrap
  • Abrasive or corrosive chemical industry products and fumes

Venting Gas

In a transmission line or a scrubber, the compressed air technology replaces an electrically operated vacuum pump for venting purposes. Electrically operated vacuum pump requires maintenance and a more complicated configuration.

There are two options available depending on the nature of the gas that you want to vent:

  • A compressed air flow amplifier, which utilizes the Coandă effect
  • An air operated conveyor, Ring Vac and XSPC which uses a Venturi effect.

A compressed air flow amplifier is very quiet and moves large quantities of air. It is an ideal solution when venting clean gas short distances because very little vacuum is required. The compressed air exits a small gap in the amplifier and goes over a series of ” Coandă ” angles converting air pressure to flow. This solution is ideal for venting fumes, dust, and grime. It is complex to manufacture and costs more. This unit requires more air pressure to operate.

An air operated conveyor uses a series of holes to blow the compressed air in one direction creating a vacuum to draw in and move the gas. The Venturi system has several holes, the number depending on the size of the unit, which pulls the air behind the unit creating a vacuum, drawing in any gasses and then pushes them away. It is an ideal solution for moving gas longer distances aided by the extra vacuum. An air operated conveyor is required when the gas is contaminated and there is a possibility that it could deposit material on the Coandă angles of an amplifier, which could stop the venting effect over time.  Since the compressed air enters through a different vent, there is less opportunity for dirt deposits if the gas is contaminated. The air operated conveyor produces a higher vacuum but does not move as much air volume as an air amplifier. The Venturi system is a simple unit to manufacture and costs less. It requires less air pressure to operate. It is available in aluminum, stainless steel (standard), with special units made in Teflon, other plastics and metals.

Therefore, due to the design, cost of manufacture, and requires less air pressure to operate, the Venturi system is often the ideal solution for gas venting applications.

 

FEATURED PRODUCTS

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Combining Air Operated Conveyors with Air Amplifiers

If a large amount of air borne dust or fumes need to be collected and moved a long distance, the air amplifier enhances the air conveyor ability to convey these materials over long distances. The reason is that air conveyors produces high vacuum but move less volume as compared to air amplifiers that move high volume but creates less vacuum.

 

How do I select an Air Conveying System?

The factors to consider are:

  • Material properties: Consider the characteristics of the material that needs to be moved or removed. What is the particle size and shape, bulk density, moisture content, abrasiveness, friability, cohesiveness, static charge, explosivity, toxicity, melting point, and more?
  • Conveying distance: What is the overall distance as well as horizontal or vertical direction of the pipe?
  • Available air pressure and velocity
  • Transfer capacity: Includes the material properties and the transfer distance.
  • Transfer rate: How fast and how often does the material need to be transferred.
  • Energy Consumption: Compressed air supply availability

Accessories and Attachments

  • Mounting bracket to mount the air operated conveyor
  • Clamp to stabilize a hose to each end
  • Threaded to thread on a standard pipe for threaded units
  • Inlet suction attachment
  • Air filters
  • Air Regulators
  • Air Amplifier

Nex Flow Advantages

Nex Flow air operated conveyor system are lightweight and use no electricity.  The parts are readily installed and easy to use. There is a threaded version as well as clamp on, sanitary flanged units, and other flanged units (optional). They are portable and ideal for continuous and intermittent applications. Our system utilizes compressed air for a powerful, efficient venture action along the length in a compact design for high capacity conveying over long distances. Nex Flow’s products are made from material that is treated to ensure longevity in the product’s life cycle and designed for ease of use and provides simple control of material flow for maintenance free operation.  

Our air conveyor systems are manufactured in anodized aluminum for most applications and in 304 Stainless Steel for high temperature and corrosive environments. 316L Stainless Steel air operated conveyors are available for food and pharmaceutical applications. An XSPC range conveyor is also available for moving materials that could clog.

Using Compressed Air Operated Conveyors for Conveying

Using Compressed Air Operated Conveyors for Conveying

In utilizing compressed air operated venturi systems such as Nex Flow’s® Ring-Vac®Air Operated Conveyors, you size the unit based on the size of the parts being conveyed.

The general rule is to have the inside diameter of the unit to be double the maximum size or dimension of the parts being conveyed. In this way there is little chance of the parts clogging the unit.

However there are exceptions. One customer for example, had to move a metal rod from one part of the factory to another. This enterprising company utilized the Nex Flow® 2″ Model 30004 Ring-Vac®. The company fed a 1” diameter but 4″ long metal rod into the unit and used the venturi to convey the rod from one end of the factory to another reducing handling time dramatically.

The rod was made to fall onto a gravity feed slot which feeds the rod into the Ring-Vac®. Air is conserved by turning it on only when there is a rod to feed and this is controlled by a sensor. The rod is then literally shot 15 feet up to the ceiling area in a plastic tube connected to the Ring-Vac®. At the ceiling, the feeder tube is then angled about 2 degrees downward where the part is then gravity fed in the tube, across the ceiling, to the other end of the factory which of course, requires no energy.

The part drops out into a bin at the exit of the tube where it is manually picked up for further processing at another machine station. Intermittent applications such as this are ideal for such technology since the unit is low cost, compact, with no maintenance and operates instant on and off only as needed. The use of gravity to feed the part from one end of the factory to the other was brilliant.

Can you think of other applications like this??

Nex Flow Air Products Corp. manufacturers compressed air technology for blow off, drying, cleaning, cooling, and moving and constantly strives to improve their products’ performance and quality. Creative ideas are encouraged and embraced!

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